Central Asian Journal of Literature, Philosophy and Culture

Future Tasks of Developing Art in Building an Enlightened Society in New Uzbekistan

A’zamjonov Akhadjon A’zamjonovich — 2025-04-10

Culture combines with collective identity through theater which integrates literature together with music visual arts and performance as a mixed artistic medium. New Uzbekistan places theater development at the center of an enlightened society-building effort because it uses performance to spread moral and intellectual together with aesthetic values. Research on the changing theoretical bases of theater especially regarding the development of playmaking and interactive audiences fails to receive proper scholarly examination despite its historical and artistic value to modern society. This article evaluates theater's intellectual development as a distinctive performing art through a social context by demonstrating its capacity to mold societal beliefs and ethical values and community-wide memorabilia. The research investigation identifies theater's ancient beginning through ritualistic performances with masks as well as Dionysian ritual and demonstrates their link to contemporary dramaturgy by showing play remains as theater's fundamental expression. Entertainment’s central theatrical element emerges from the actor who produces unique artistic creations by properly handling time and space together with character understanding. The article introduces original ideas about the interrelated theatrical development across Eastern and Western cultural realms with insights into common historical patterns and cultural exchanges. Studies show that enhancing theatrical education together with merging traditional performance methods with contemporary developments will create a spiritually developed culture in Uzbekistan.

Eastern Theme in Annemarie Schimmel's Art Journalistic Work

Ra’no Yoldoshevna Xasanova — 2025-04-11

Throughout her academic and artistic career Annemarie Schimmel conducted research on Eastern spirituality with a focus on Sufism along with Islamic cultural representation in worldwide society. In her literary production consisting of translations and biographies along with commentaries she studies Islamic traditions starting with their spiritual elements and cultural characteristics and how Sufi women fit into this together with Central Asian heritage. The academic world appreciates Schimmel's scholarly achievements yet fails to explore correctly her artistic and journalistic approaches to humanize Islamic traditions by creating understanding bridges between cultures through poetic symbolism as well as female spiritual insights. Researchers study Eastern cultural elements in Schimmel's writings through an assessment of how she depicts Islamic mysticism along with Sufi women and Central Asian literary history by particular consideration of her research about Babur and Rabia al-Adawiyya and other relevant subjects. The study shows how Schimmel uses a combination of historical facts and literary artistry to create a respectful picture of the Islamic world in her writings. Through her literature she brings together the elements of Persian and Arabic and Turkic language to portray the lost voices of Sufi women in Sufism. Through her research on Islamic scholarly women Schimmel presents an exceptional feminist spiritual interpretation of Islamic history that combines rigorous research methods with elegant literary expression. The research displays that multilingual literary exchanges change Western views about Islam and stimulates expert analysis of spiritual stories led by women in Islamic history.

Issues of Transforming Enlightenment Into a High Moral Value in Society

Oxunova Shaxnoza Qodirovna — 2025-04-15

Several scholars today accept a strong connection between education and national progress. Under New Uzbekistan’s reform agenda the government is focused on building an enlightened society because education serves as both a social service and a transformative instrument for advancing intellectual and moral development. Research on education in development normally exists yet focuses primarily on separate approaches instead of exploring synergistic methods to boost enlightenment as a top moral priority in post-Soviet transformation settings. This article examines theoretical and methodological frameworks to develop an enlightened society of Uzbekistan while studying the social-philosophical pathways that guide enlightenment as a moral value in policy creation and social reforms. The study reveals education acts as a key factor to decrease social disparities while strengthening public health care systems and improving democratic systems. The research examination deplores international education standards for their inability to meet local developmental requirements. The research combines social and philosophical methods to explain enlightenment as a moral concept which connects education to economic results and social achievements while safeguarding cultural integrity in modern globalization. These findings carry important implications for educational policies because enlightenment education works as a sustainable method to fight social inequality while solving unemployment and civic disengagement problems as it prepares a society that is intellectually strong and morally grounded.

The Impact of an Innovative Economic Competition Environment on Youth Economic Activity

Bakhtiyor Khamitovich Talipov — 2025-04-18

The world has experienced both increased market reform intensity and advanced technologies which have substantially influenced young people's economic initiatives. The ongoing economic revolution in New Uzbekistan has driven youth to display new patterns of conduct that focuses on entrepreneurship alongside innovative tendencies and social involvement and flexible approaches. Current research minimizes the study of combined economic culture and ethical conduct alongside innovative processes that determine youth economic work patterns in transforming societies. The study investigates how an innovative competitive economic environment shapes youth economic development in Uzbekistan by examining ethical standards alongside social economic awareness and modern integration of national heritage. Research outcomes show youth business activities to combine technological advancements with traditional aspects including craftsmanship as well as applied arts practices. Ethical decision-making together with autonomous moral choices drive the development of economic behavior. The research suggests a modern interpretation of youth economic activity which goes beyond market reactions by combining it with moral values through economic awareness and aesthetic understanding. These findings indicate that political and academic institutions must integrate ethical-economic together with eco-aesthetic values into their youth entrepreneurship policy to develop socially responsible and culturally diverse young entrepreneurs.

Exploring The Magical Elements in “Doctor Sleep” and “The Shining” by Stephen King

Ulugbek Ochilov — 2025-04-20

This study explores the presence and significance of magical elements within Stephen King's novels, "The Shining" and "Doctor Sleep." Although King is predominantly recognized for his contributions to horror and supernatural fiction, a notable knowledge gap exists concerning the use of magical realism in his narratives. Employing qualitative literary analysis, this research examines how King integrates supernatural occurrences within realistic settings to blur boundaries between reality and imagination. Findings reveal that King utilizes magical realism primarily through psychic abilities and supernatural entities, effectively deepening the psychological intensity and thematic complexity of his works. In "The Shining," magical realism manifests through Danny Torrance’s psychic gift and the haunted Overlook Hotel, merging supernatural horror with the exploration of internal human struggles. Similarly, "Doctor Sleep" expands upon these elements, delving into the origins of psychic powers and their implications for personal redemption and interpersonal connections. The results underscore King's adeptness at creating immersive narratives where magical elements intensify psychological realism. Consequently, the implications of this study highlight magical realism as a potent literary device that allows King to explore profound human experiences and ethical dilemmas, suggesting that his work should be reconsidered within a broader literary context beyond traditional genre classifications.

Chronotopes in Different Literature Genres

Karimova Nigora Maratovna — 2025-04-23

The study aims to demonstrate how the urban chronotope in dystopian literature serves as a mechanism for expressing exaggerated ideas about the existential and epistemological aspects of modern socio-political structures, utilizing interdisciplinary approaches that connect dystopia with sociology and artistic concepts regarding the future of societal development. The research highlights the significance of entropy as a central metaphor in dystopian narratives, illustrating the tension between intellectual stagnation and the renewal of thought, while analyzing the subjective experiences of time within urban settings in the works of notable authors, and exploring the implications of dystopian themes on societal control and individual potential. The article explores the concept of the literary chronotope, focusing on its poetic features as they manifest in modern novels, and addresses contemporary issues in literary criticism related to this phenomenon. It examines the theoretical foundations of chronotope forms, their impact on genre evolution, storyline development, artistic architecture, plot creation, composition based on the author's intent, and the ideological content of literary works, as well as how reality is perceived within the literary process.

The Influence of Folk Oral Creation on The Poetry of Matnazar Abdulhakim

Kumush Abdusalomova — 2025-04-28

Oral creativity is a crucial element in the cultural heritage of every nation, serving as a source of national memory and expression. Uzbek folklore, rich with proverbs, legends, and mythological imagery, has significantly influenced written literature, especially poetry. However, the direct and creative influence of folk oral creation on the poetry of modern Uzbek poets like Matnazar Abdulhakim remains underexplored. This article aims to investigate how folklore motifs and traditional images such as the yalmog‘iz (witch) and ajdaho (dragon) have been assimilated and transformed in Abdulhakim’s poetry. Through detailed analysis, the study reveals that Abdulhakim skillfully integrates folklore elements, adapting mythological characters and symbolism such as dragons and gluttons to depict abstract emotions like love, jealousy, and separation, thereby enriching the poetic narrative with deeper cultural resonance. Unlike traditional folklore usage, Abdulhakim innovatively separates and personalizes these mythological images, moving beyond conventional boundaries to create original lyrical expressions. The findings highlight the dynamic relationship between folklore and modern Uzbek literature, offering insights into how contemporary poets can preserve cultural identity while introducing creative originality into their works.

Formation of Phraseological Homonymy and its Modeling in The Corpus System

Nurboyeva Maftuna Vahobjon qizi — 2025-04-28

This article investigates the phenomenon of phraseological homonymy, analyzing its formation mechanisms and integration into corpus systems. It examines the levels of phraseology where homonymy occurs, explores methods for identifying and modeling homonymous expressions, and proposes strategies to resolve semantic ambiguities within corpus databases. Experimental modeling was conducted to detect phraseological homonyms automatically in texts and to select their context-appropriate meanings. The results demonstrate that constructing morpho-semantic collocations and linguistic models for phraseological units enhances the corpus system’s ability to comprehend and process complex idiomatic structures more effectively. This research contributes to the advancement of automatic language processing technologies by addressing challenges associated with phraseological ambiguity.

Social Philosophical Factors of Working With Young Professionals

Kholmirzaeva Jumagul Khamdamovna — 2025-05-07

In the context of global transformations and national development strategies, the effective integration of young professionals into the workforce has become a priority for Uzbekistan. Although significant experience has been accumulated in youth engagement, the current system of working with young specialists remains fragmented and lacks methodological cohesion. Existing studies often focus on isolated elements such as training or mobility, without addressing the systemic structure necessary for long-term development and retention. This study aims to conceptualize a holistic, multifunctional system for engaging young professionals by analyzing its organizational, ideological, and economic foundations. The research identifies core system components, including planning, recruitment, evaluation, development, and motivation of young specialists. It reveals that most organizations lack articulated strategies despite expressing interest in innovation and high qualifications from this cohort. The study also outlines common strengths and weaknesses of young specialists, contributing to a more nuanced understanding of their integration into professional environments. The article proposes a unified methodological platform and positions the youth integration system within broader socio-economic and organizational frameworks. The findings underscore the need for a coherent human resource strategy that aligns the goals of young professionals with institutional objectives. This integrated approach promises to enhance not only individual career trajectories but also national innovation capacity and labor market efficiency.

Marxist Social Realism in Henrik Ibsen’s Ghosts: A Critical Exploration

Mohammed Hussein Abbas — 2025-05-08

This study explores Marxist social realism and its application to Henrik Ibsen’s Ghosts (1881), highlighting how the play criticizes the bourgeois oppressive ideologies, class struggle, and social mobility illusion. Through the Marxist perspective, the play shows the corruption and hypocrisy of the capital system and the manipulation of moral and religious institutions to achieve personal corrupt goals. The study examines how the main characters, like Mrs. Alving, Oswald, Engstrand, Regina, and Pastor Manders, represent the ideological conflicts in a society based on class hierarchy. Relying on the theories of Karl Marx, Louis Althusser, and Antonio Gramsci, the current study shows how Ibsen criticizes the bourgeois system and its manipulating moralities and the oppression of the working class through tools like economic determination. The play's tragic end demonstrates the limitations of people’s actions under the ideologically repressive system, aligned with the Marxist argument that individual revolt is insufficient for total social reform. Finally, the study demonstrates how the play is a pivotal criticism of capitalist ideology and its impact on human existence by examining Ibsen’s play within the Marxist social realism approach.

Vietnam's Cultural Identity in Perspective of Individual Consciousness in The New Poetry Movement (1932 - 1945)

Vu Bao Khuyen Bui — 2025-05-10

The New Poetry Movement in Vietnam (1932-1945) is considered a revolution in poetry, marking an innovation in poetics and ideological content in poetic works. In this movement, individual consciousness is considered a core element, associated with innovation that appeared only in 1932 - 1945 and have a strong influence on later writing tendencies. Based on individual consciousness theory, cultural materialism, cultural exposure and acculturation combined with analysis of Vietnam's historical and social context in the period 1932 - 1945, the article clarifies individual consciousness in the works of the New Poetry movement as a consequence of exposure to Western culture, contributing to clarifying Vietnamese cultural identity in the first half of the twentieth century. In addition, based on historical literature research materials and methodology, and on historical research materials, literary criticism combined with analytical and comparative methods as well, the author explains the advent of individual consciousness in Vietnam poetry in the period 1932 - 1945 as the premise of the modern Vietnamese poetry freedom movement.

An analysis of literary content in the English course book for Iraq's sixth preparatory level, evaluated through the perspectives of Teachers

Ali AL-Zurfi — 2025-05-15

This study explores the perceptions of Iraqi EFL preparatory school teachers regarding the integration of literature in English textbooks. The research aims to understand how teachers perceive the role of literature in enhancing students' language proficiency, cultural awareness, and personal growth. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a questionnaire to collect data from 58 Iraqi EFL teachers in Najaf City. The findings reveal that teachers generally hold positive perceptions of literature, believing it enhances students' linguistic skills, cultural understanding, and personal development. However, concerns were raised about the quality and relevance of literary texts in the textbooks, as well as challenges in teaching literature due to limited time and resources. The study concludes with recommendations for improving the integration of literature in Iraqi EFL textbooks to better meet the needs of both teachers and students.

The Extent to Which English Language Teachers in Saudi Arabia Adopt the Blended Learning Approach

Thuraya bint Abdullah Hussein Al-Jar — 2025-05-18

This study aimed to explore the extent to which English language teachers in Saudi Arabia utilize blended learning. To achieve this, the descriptive-analytical approach was adopted, and a questionnaire consisting of (20) items was developed. After verifying its validity and reliability, it was distributed to a sample of (50) teachers from various schools. The data were statistically analyzed using the (SPSS) program, revealing no statistically significant differences at the (0.05) significance level in the participants' responses regarding the adoption of blended learning based on gender. However, significant differences were found at the same level concerning academic qualification and specialization. Based on these findings, the researcher recommended training teachers on implementing blended learning strategies in instruction, as it plays a crucial role in enhancing English language teaching methods. Additionally, the recommendations emphasized the importance of organizing training courses for teachers and educational supervisors to raise awareness of blended learning concepts, strategies, and implementation mechanisms, as well as developing curricula that consider students' individual differences.

Lebanese Migration to the Americas: Causes and Socioeconomic Impacts (1890–1930)

Alaa Khudhair Obaid — 2025-05-26

The late 19th and early 20th centuries marked a significant wave of migration from Lebanon to the Americas, a movement that profoundly shaped the socioeconomic trajectories of both the homeland and the host countries. migration coincided with repressive Ottoman rule, economic crises, the Great Famine, and compulsory military conscription conditions that worsened under the French Mandate. Despite promises of reform, post-war policies continued to stimulate outward migration. While numerous accounts describe the diaspora’s success abroad, limited academic focus has been placed on the integrated causes, migration routes, and long-term impacts on both Lebanon and the Americas during 1890–1930. This study aims to explore the drivers, patterns, and socioeconomic consequences of Lebanese migration, examining how geopolitical, economic, and social factors intersected to produce mass displacement. The findings show that Lebanese migrants, though fleeing hardship, became economically active in trade and small industries, particularly in Brazil, Argentina, the United States, and Mexico. Remittances uplifted the Lebanese economy, yet mass emigration also caused labor shortages and social restructuring. In host societies, Lebanese communities established cultural institutions that preserved their identity while facilitating integration. By integrating historical, economic, and cultural analysis, the research uncovers the dual impact of migration as a source of resilience and transformation for Lebanon and its diaspora. Understanding this migration offers insights into current diasporic dynamics, highlighting the importance of migration networks, remittances, and cultural continuity in shaping transnational societies.

Poetry in the Journal “Maorif va o‘qitg‘uvchi”

Adilbekova Elmira Seytimovna — 2025-05-28

This article presents statistical data and an annotated bibliography of poems published in the journal “Maorif va o‘qitg‘uvchi”. The poems are classified by thematic categories. The study also provides an analysis and personal reflections on selected poems such as “Dala yo‘llaridan”, “Turmushmi bu?”, “Dengiz”, “Adabiyot”, “Telefon”, “Munozara”, and “Mashina”. Additionally, the article highlights the journal’s most active contributors and offers a discussion on the socio-cultural atmosphere of the period. Compared to other periodicals of the 1920s, “Maorif va o‘qitg‘uvchi” stands out for the large volume of literary content it published. Between 1925 and 1929, the journal featured prose and poetry by prominent writers such as Cho‘lpon, N. Rahimiy, Elbek, G‘ulom Zafariy, Rahim Ali, Abdulla Alaviy, Botur, Bektosh, Oydin, G‘ayratiy, Hamid Olimjon, Shokir Sulaymon, Botu, Oltoy, Gulbek, Mirtemir, Uyg‘un, Said Ahroriy, Majidiy, M. Alaviya, Mirhodiy, Yashin, Yo‘qsil, Oybek, I. Usmoniy, and Nodi Mirza. A total of 189 poetic works (including 7 translations) were published, covering a wide range of themes such as enlightenment, depictions of nature, patriotism, and women’s emancipation. The article also aims to briefly describe the authors of these poems and offer concise annotations of their works.

Structure and Linguistic Features of Turkic Tafsirs From The 10th to 15th Centuries

Soliyev Elyorbek Muxammadmo‘sa ug‘li — 2025-05-29

This article provides a comprehensive examination of Qur’anic commentaries (tafsirs) written in Turkic languages between the 10th and 15th centuries, a crucial period in the history of Islamic scholarship among Turkic-speaking communities. The study traces the chronological development of these tafsirs, highlighting the historical, cultural, and linguistic evolution that took place over five centuries. By identifying the earliest known examples of Turkic-language tafsirs, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of the emergence and maturation of Islamic exegesis in the Turkic intellectual tradition. The article investigates not only the dating of these commentaries but also their structural characteristics, linguistic features, and the theological and interpretative methods employed by their authors. It places particular emphasis on well-known tafsir manuscripts, analyzing their content, format, and style, and shedding light on how Qur’anic concepts were explained and transmitted to Turkic-speaking Muslim audiences. Furthermore, the study explores the current locations and preservation status of these manuscripts, revealing where they are housed and how accessible they are to contemporary researchers. In addition, the article reviews existing academic research conducted on Turkic-language tafsirs, offering a critical perspective on the scope, methodology, and limitations of previous studies. By synthesizing historical, philological, and theological approaches, the article aims to fill significant gaps in the field of Qur’anic studies and Turkic philology. Ultimately, it seeks to provide scholarly answers to questions concerning the origins, development, and influence of these commentaries, while also encouraging further investigation into this underexplored area of Islamic and Turkic intellectual history.

Examining Iraqi EFL Teachers' Perception: The Benefit of Using Visual-Based Input to Improve Reading Comprehension

Balsam Hussein Salih — 2025-05-31

This study examines Iraqi EFL teachers' perceptions of using visual-based input to enhance reading comprehension. A descriptive design was employed, combining quantitative data from questionnaire with 50 EFL teachers across Iraqi governorates. The results revealed positive perceptions, with teachers strongly agreeing that visual tools improve information recall, text comprehension, and classroom engagement. While visual aids were deemed highly effective for motivation and enjoyment, their role in fostering critical thinking and peer learning received slightly lower agreement. The findings align with prior research emphasizing the benefits of visual literacy in EFL contexts but highlight areas for further professional development.

Indigenous Culture Fall Apart: The Study of Cultural Glue in Inaam Kachachi’s The Dispersal

Mohammed Lateef Aziz Twayej — 2025-06-05

Iraqi culture is a rich ingredient for the scope of the study. It is characterised by its multiplicity of people who inhabit the land of Mesopotamia. Meanwhile, the land is under constant occupation throughout history. The culture witnesses modification and fragmentation. Therefore, it is worth studying the Iraqi context under the scope of cultural glue to remedy long-term wounds. Cultural glue is the kind of shared elements, values, practices and beliefs that tie certain groups together. It serves to unite those groups into one nation and establishes a set of collective norms within a specific society. In Tashari, it can be noticeable that there’s a heavy role of culture and its influence on people’s lives. Inaam Kachachi is determined to show the world the real culture of Iraq and how they’re deeply connected to it. The study aims to show and clarify the cultural aspects that have been discussed in Tashari and the significance behind each one of them. It aims to encounter some interesting quotes from the novel and analyze them according to the author’s perspective to show how the author recurs the cultural fragmentations.

Interpretation of Color Symbolism

Jumatova Nasiba Saburovna — 2025-06-07

Symbolism has played a foundational role in human artistic expression, with color symbols particularly enduring in literature and folklore across civilizations. In Uzbek folk literature, especially in proverbs, color symbolism functions not only as an artistic device but also as a repository of historical beliefs, values, and cultural memory. While the symbolic meanings of colors have been noted in general terms, their specific functions and semantic layers in Uzbek folk proverbs have not been thoroughly explored from a historical and cultural-linguistic perspective. This study investigates the historical roots, semantic depth, and expressive function of color symbolism in Uzbek proverbs, emphasizing how specific colors like black, white, red, yellow, and blue convey complex cultural and emotional meanings. The research reveals that color symbols in proverbs are not merely decorative but serve to encode collective experiences, religious beliefs, moral judgments, and societal norms. For instance, black symbolizes evil and shame, white represents purity and virtue, red signifies love and wealth, and yellow indicates longing and illness. The study offers a comprehensive linguistic and semiotic interpretation of color-based symbolism within the folk genre, grounded in ancient cosmological and cultural beliefs, showing how brevity and depth coexist in proverbial expression. Understanding color symbolism in Uzbek proverbs enhances appreciation of cultural heritage and demonstrates how symbolic language shapes national identity, ethical thought, and intergenerational communication.

Examining the Challenges of English-Medium Instruction in Mathematics Among Iraqi Undergraduate Learners: According to Students’ Perceptions

Badr Jaafar Ameen — 2025-06-10

The increasing adoption of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in higher education has raised significant concerns regarding its impact on student learning and comprehension, particularly in non-native countries. This study examines the challenges and perceptions of Iraqi undergraduate students studying mathematics through EMI. Using a descriptive approach, including surveys, the study investigates students' views on the effectiveness of EMI, its influence on motivation and confidence, and the difficulties faced in learning mathematical concepts in English. Findings reveal that while students recognize the benefits of EMI for their future careers, they struggle with language barriers, comprehension difficulties, and limited instructional support. The study highlights the need for improved EMI implementation strategies, enhanced teacher training, and tailored curriculum development to address student needs better.

The Role of Terminological Vocabulary in the Formation of a Specialist's Professionalism

Bakirova Khilolakhon Botiralievna — 2025-06-12

This article considers the problems of developing professional communicative competence in students when studying a foreign language at a university. The article deals with professionalism in the field of public relations that involves three main, mutually influencing aspects: - continuous improvement in the field of one's professional activity; - ensuring a combination of theoretical knowledge and its practical application in one's activities; - continuous expansion of knowledge in related fields.

The Synthesis in Art: Definition, Functions, and Significance

Shahlo Bahrieva — 2025-06-16

The synthesis of the arts is a longstanding cultural phenomenon, emerging from ancient syncretic practices and evolving across historical epochs into complex interdisciplinary forms. In contemporary art, this synthesis is influenced by intercultural dialogue, technological advancements, and global artistic exchange, leading to hybrid creations that merge diverse traditions and media. Despite its significance, artistic synthesis has often been underexamined as a unified concept, with prior studies focused narrowly on specific periods or regions. This article aims to define the synthesis of the arts, analyze its historical development, and highlight its cultural and philosophical implications, particularly within the context of globalization. The study demonstrates that synthesis manifests through interaction, integration, and cultural dialogue, resulting in innovative artistic expressions that transcend conventional boundaries. Examples range from Wagner’s Gesamtkunstwerk to digital multimedia art, illustrating the expanding potential of artistic fusion. The paper provides a comprehensive theoretical framework that unites historical, aesthetic, and perceptual dimensions of synthesis, including the role of synesthesia as both metaphor and cognitive phenomenon. Understanding synthesis as a cultural and creative imperative deepens our perception of art’s transformative power and affirms its role in fostering mutual understanding across civilizations. In an era of digital convergence and global interconnectedness, synthesis not only revitalizes traditional forms but also shapes future artistic paradigms.

The Spatial Analysis of Phenomenon Divorce and Its Social Implications in The First and Second Al-Sadr Municipalities in Baghdad City

Asst. Prof. Dr. Zamil Lily Timman — 2025-06-16

The divorce is of a great social problem that ensues from society and occurred when there is no harmony between the spouses and resulted owing to the failure of the spouses to achieve understanding, harmony and coexistence, even to the minimum, in one house within one family. The divorce occurred and resulted due to several things, the top of which is the deterioration of the family, which is considered one of the basic ties in the society. This is the price for an unhappy, and miserable marriage. The marriage has been known since the establishment of human society, as the beginning of family formation, and divorce has been known as the end of non- mature marital life. Divorce cases for the period (2016 - 2022) reached to (15,563) divorce cases, where the year 2017 ranked the highest one of the highest numbers of 2.635 divorce cases, while the lowest year in the number of divorce cases has been the year 2020, with (1,339) divorce cases, owing to the Corona pandemic in particular. No divorce cases have been recorded in the courts definitely in the fourth and fifth months. In respect to “Al-Sadr / the first” and “Al-Sadr /the second”, “Al-Sadr /the first” came in first place for the year 2023 with a percentage of 58%, while “Al-Sadr /the second”, its percentage reached to 42%. Actually, one of the most important reasons for the occurrence of divorce in the research area was due to the lack of family and psychological harmony between the spouses, in addition to the housing problem and family disputes.

Ho Chi Minh’s Ideology of Patriotism and its Significance in Patriotic Education for Students in The Present Period

Bui Van Tuyen — 2025-06-18

The purpose of this study is to clarify the basic contents of Ho Chi Minh’s Ideology of Patriotism and its Significance in Patriotic Education for Students in the Present Period. Using qualitative research methods, this study focuses on analyzing Ho Chi Minh’s works that discuss patriotism; guiding documents on patriotic education of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union and guiding documents of universities in Ho Chi Minh City. The research results show that Ho Chi Minh’s Ideology of Patriotism was formed and developed based on traditional Vietnamese patriotism. It is a noble spiritual product, creating a strong source of encouragement, uniting the people, and fighting for national liberation. As the core force of the cause of building socialism in the future, Vietnamese students are an important factor, deciding the future and destiny of the country. Therefore, cultivating Ho Chi Minh’s patriotism in students is extremely necessary. When understanding and imbued with the spirit of Ho Chi Minh’s patriotism, the student force will practice and contribute to the cause of building and developing the country now and in the future. Research also shows that if Ho Chi Minh’s Ideology on patriotism is closely combined with education on moral values, traditions, and lifestyles of the nation, these are important solutions to promote the role of Ho Chi Minh’s Ideology on patriotism in educating students about patriotism.

A Critical Reading of The Artistic Image In Modern Poetry: Omar Abu Risha, Mahmoud Darwish, and Amal Dunqul As A Model

D.Sura Saleem Abdul Shaheed Al Meamar — 2025-06-19

The artistic image gives value and strength to poetic texts. It is the mechanism without which the poetic text cannot be straight. In addition, studying its subject aims to address the central structure that revolves around the aesthetics of poetry, and through it the poet's experience is expressed so that the artistic image can portray his feelings and emotions that are based on a semantic basis for critical treatment. The current study aims to provide a critical reading of the artistic image in modern poetry by providing a critical reading of the poetic images presented by Omar Abu Risha, Mahmoud Darwish, and Amal Dunqul, who sought to raise the poetic pace with innovative linguistic methods and diverse images to increase the effectiveness, openness, and suggestive fertility of the poetic text. They relied on patterns to express the poetic nature of the poetic text, which was embodied in diverse and multiple images that gave the poetic text dynamism and renewed life that breathes through the words and verbal structures that the poet deposited in the structure of his poems that form his poetry collections.

Traditional Vocabulary in The Qarluq Dialects of Surxondaryo: Words Denoting Kinship and Household Items

Eshanqulov Dilmurod Khurramovich — 2025-06-22

The oil and gas industry encompasses a highly technical and interdisciplinary lexicon that poses challenges for language acquisition among learners in professional settings. This study investigates the effectiveness of the contextual approach in mastering domain-specific terminology, contrasting it with traditional lexical methods. The contextual method, which involves the use of technical texts, industry conversations, and video materials, was tested on students in vocational schools in Andijan and Fergana. Experimental results indicated that students exposed to contextual learning retained terminology with greater accuracy (76%) and demonstrated enhanced communicative competence compared to the control group (52%). The findings highlight the contextual approach as a powerful pedagogical tool that fosters deeper conceptual understanding and practical application of specialized terms, thereby supporting professional readiness in the oil and gas sector.

The Impact of Social Media on the Minds of Young People: Facebook as a Model

Afrah Mohammed Muslim — 2025-06-23

This study tries to investigate the influence of social media content on the identity-building of adolescents. It should start the transition from the collectivism of childhood to the individualism of an independent adult in this period. Nevertheless, there are several trends of this rapid individualization. The danger is double. On the one hand, the incomplete socialization of such young people causes problems for society. Still, the most serious issue is the identity crisis of young (or sometimes very young) people, who are not ensured solid support from the intergenerational community. This is certainly effective if it belongs to the same enlarged social network. The question is whether the virtual community of the internet can have such an identity-defining capacity that can help the socialization of young people or lead to a more serious discrepancy. I conclude the favorable and unfavorable influences. The two standpoints are both based on empirical data. So, I can depict some solutions regarding how to minimize the negative and maximize the positive influence during late adolescence to ensure both the well-being of the subjects and the solid identity positioning of the growing generation. Finally, I draw some conclusions about the adaptability of adults and the social utilities of social media. I consider the popular commercial platforms and the regional and situational social media.

The History of Studying Ethnonyms: From Ancient Sources to Modern Research

Abduvalieva Kamola Shavkat kizi — 2025-06-23

The article provides an analytical overview of the scientific significance of ethnonyms (names of peoples, tribes, and clans), their origins, etymology, and representation in historical sources. The meanings of Central Asian ethnonyms, such as Uzbek, Kyrgyz, Kazakh, Kipchak, and Kangly, as well as various theories related to them, are examined. The interpretations of ethnonyms in the works of scholars such as Abu Rayhan Beruni, Mahmud Kashgari, Rashididdin, Alisher Navoi, and Babur are analyzed. Additionally, manuscript sources (“Majmuʼ at-tavorix”, “Nasabnomayi oʻzbek”, etc.) and modern research (works by scholars like K. Shoniyozov, B. Ahmedov, and Kh. Doniyorov, K. Markaev) that shed light on the “92 Uzbek tribes”, a key concept in understanding the ethnic composition of the Uzbek people, are discussed. The connection between ethnonyms and toponyms, their linguistic features, and classification are also explored.

A Rhetorical Analysis of Imam Ali’s Sermon 183

Khalid Jabir Hani — 2025-06-24

This study conducts a rhetorical analysis of Sermon 183 by Imam Ali (PBUH), focusing on the rhetorical strategies that enhance its persuasive effectiveness. The research examines Aristotle’s argumentative appeals: logos, ethos, and pathos; various rhetorical devices; and intertextuality to uncover how Imam Ali (PBUH) constructs meaning and influences his audience. Through a detailed analysis, the study identifies the strategic use of figures of speech such as metaphors (13 instances) and antithesis (5 instances), which significantly enhance the sermon’s rhetorical impact. Additionally, the intertextual references within the sermon are explored to demonstrate their role in reinforcing the authority of the arguments and connecting the audience with shared cultural and religious knowledge. The findings reveal the profound impact of Imam Ali’s use of argumentative appeals and rhetorical devices, highlighting his mastery of rhetoric in delivering ethical and spiritual messages. This research contributes to a broader understanding of Arabic rhetorical traditions and provides insights into the role of rhetoric in religious discourse.

The Role of Khorezm Bakhshis in The Development of Uzbek Epic Poetry

Sabirova Nasiba Ergashevna — 2025-06-24

This article explores the historical and cultural significance of Khorezm bakhshis in shaping the epic tradition within Uzbek folklore. It traces the origins of bakhshi performance to ancient Khorezm, one of the cradles of early civilization, and examines the intertwining of spiritual, artistic, and oral traditions. Particular attention is paid to the figure of Oshiq Oydin Pir, considered the spiritual guide of bakhshis, whose influence permeates multiple epics such as Oshiq Najab, Xirmondali, and Oshiq Alband. Through a multidisciplinary approach—combining historical analysis, literary textual study, and ethnographic accounts—the research identifies how the oral poetic tradition of bakhshis, rooted in Zoroastrian rituals and later Sufi ideologies, contributed to the persistence and transformation of epic poetry in Central Asia. The study also examines the spiritual genealogy connecting Khorezm bakhshis to influential figures in Islamic mysticism and outlines their evolving societal roles. The findings underscore the integrative function of bakhshi art as a transmitter of historical memory, moral values, and communal identity. This research thus contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of Khorezm’s oral epic performers in the construction of Uzbek national and cultural consciousness.